“Wax chasing” is the process of joining the wax pieces, removing seams, and repairing imperfections with heated customized soldering irons or tools – dental tools are ideal. After the wax is chased and approved by the artist, the piece is then advanced to “spruing” or “gating.” The gates and sprues are also made of wax. They form the channels through which the melted bronze will give travel to the artwork. “Vents” (thin wax sticks) and “gates” (thicker wax sticks) are affixed to the wax reproduction with heated tools. Later in the casting process, the space occupied by sprues or gates become runways through which the metal flows and trapped gas escapes. Distribution of the bronze, low turbulence, ventilation, and shrinkage are important considerations in the science of gating and spruing.